#: locale=en
## Action
### URL
LinkBehaviour_DB3139CF_4EB8_B685_41CF_BF60F6F8EC94.source = https://g.page/?share
LinkBehaviour_E2A87508_B51E_157F_41E1_D62AAC20528B.source = https://g.page/?share
WebFrame_8F30501C_B536_0B96_41E2_CDEB21EA133F_mobile.url = https://loremipsum.io/
WebFrame_8F30501C_B536_0B96_41E2_CDEB21EA133F.url = https://loremipsum.io/
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_772E6773_3DBA_D8CA_41C2_755B2430BFDF.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_77591113_3DBB_784A_41A9_95013600105E.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_22957747_000D_2EBC_4123_124073AEBBEC.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_227265E1_000D_6D74_4132_F0012EAF101E.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_21E6F950_000D_E554_4133_9D5AFC23F8E0.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_2250E788_000D_2DB4_410D_03E9AA719280.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_224F025C_000D_674C_4136_0909751F1678.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_7A40E416_3DB9_584A_41B4_C08AFDAD14EE.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
PopupWebFrameBehaviour_158AC8F5_001D_235C_4135_3647EE6E81E2.url = https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=x16ryHn8UuM&play=1
LinkBehaviour_DB2F39D0_4EB8_B69B_41D0_D23D31BDEA1C.source = https://www.facebook.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_E2AB6509_B51E_1571_41DC_53E8C4B9C8A0.source = https://www.facebook.com/loremipsum
WebFrame_9899640D_B576_0B76_41DA_5801D33ABA5C_mobile.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3022.1839486565013!2d-73.98773128433983!3d40.75797874273779!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c25855c6480299%3A0x55194ec5a1ae072e!2sTimes%20Square!5e0!3m2!1ses!2ses!4v1603554735955!5m2!1ses!2ses
WebFrame_9899640D_B576_0B76_41DA_5801D33ABA5C.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3022.1839486565013!2d-73.98773128433983!3d40.75797874273779!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c25855c6480299%3A0x55194ec5a1ae072e!2sTimes%20Square!5e0!3m2!1ses!2ses!4v1603554735955!5m2!1ses!2ses
LinkBehaviour_E2AA9513_B51E_1591_41DE_90D5B1501703.source = https://www.instagram.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_DB32C9D3_4EB8_B69C_41C1_3C7A8AFC9DAC.source = https://www.instagram.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_E2AC250C_B51E_1577_41AE_3FC84986B984.source = https://www.linkedin.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_DB3149D2_4EB8_B69F_41C5_4A9F32CD3D3A.source = https://www.linkedin.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_DB35B9D9_4EB8_B68C_41C5_C16933EDF451.source = https://www.pinterest.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_E2A91514_B51E_1597_41D3_F24A62E1EBA0.source = https://www.pinterest.com/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_E2A9C50A_B51E_1573_41C2_48D1EB822CC9.source = https://www.twittercom/loremipsum
LinkBehaviour_DB30B9D3_4EB8_B69D_41CF_8C51F9D926C3.source = https://www.twittercom/loremipsum
WebFrame_24A338BD_8120_62D4_41D4_110ED4F039F9.url = //www.youtube.com/embed/BLisA8zYphs
WebFrame_24A338BD_8120_62D4_41D4_110ED4F039F9_mobile.url = //www.youtube.com/embed/RYk1OA1ZLjQ
LinkBehaviour_E2AB2507_B51E_1571_4182_2956A7B7A9A3.source = mailto: lorem@ipsum.com
LinkBehaviour_DB2E49CE_4EB8_B687_41C3_B0F7ED949F13.source = mailto: lorem@ipsum.com
LinkBehaviour_DB2E09CD_4EB8_B685_41AC_1B8CEBF1833B.source = tel: +34 666 777 888
LinkBehaviour_E2AA4506_B51E_1573_41D2_32E14100C9E6.source = tel: +34 666 777 888
## Media
### Subtitle
panorama_0CA2ADC2_0015_5DB4_4130_042BBC3C0E60.subtitle = East Elevation
panorama_0CA33BFD_0015_254C_40F4_C4FCDB53EFC0.subtitle = North Elevation
panorama_0CAB7AA7_0015_E7FC_40E2_CEC6634555C0.subtitle = South Elevation
panorama_0DF9F86C_0015_E34C_4124_E0FB3CECDE80.subtitle = Top view
panorama_0CA28F73_0015_7D54_4111_5779BEB33D00.subtitle = West Elevation
### Title
panorama_0CA28F73_0015_7D54_4111_5779BEB33D00.label = Aerial
panorama_0CAB7AA7_0015_E7FC_40E2_CEC6634555C0.label = Aerial
panorama_0CA33BFD_0015_254C_40F4_C4FCDB53EFC0.label = Aerial
panorama_0CA2ADC2_0015_5DB4_4130_042BBC3C0E60.label = Aerial
panorama_0DF9F86C_0015_E34C_4124_E0FB3CECDE80.label = Aerial
panorama_143FAFE0_3D89_47C6_41C2_D636BB89A1C1.label = Croom (1)
panorama_1416AE85_3D8E_C849_41B8_01DD7D51140E.label = Croom (2)
panorama_14554CF8_3D8E_C9C7_41BC_753848903EEA.label = Croom (5)
## Popup
### Body
htmlText_731DBF08_3DBA_C846_4194_9DA32B247398.html = "The footings of the Belmont consist of ""fieldstone"" ie rock that has been picked up from the surrounding paddocks. This was a common practice as the material was readily available and its relocation aided ploughing of the paddocks. The rock walls so common on this property and around Jamberoo are made of fieldstone.
The rocks have been laid often without mortar to form the base for the timber floor framing. The skill of the stonemason is evident in that much of this work is still in good condition. More recent repairs have been carried out by either re-mortaring the stonework of adding brickwork."
"The roof would commonly be framed with either South Coast hardwood species or occasionally imported Douglas Fir commonly known as Oregon. Oregon was popular for roof framing because it was much lighter and easier to work than hardwood species. The various cuts required to form hips and valley framing in roofs was much more than required for floor framing, which also made this species more attractive to the framing carpenters.
Depending on the roof design, which was often driven by the shape or ""footprint"" of the floor plan, roof framing could be quite a complex craft. Fortunately for the Belmont carpenters, this roof was a reasonably simple design based on a rectangular floor plan."
"The roof would commonly be framed with either South Coast hardwood species or occasionally imported Douglas Fir commonly known as Oregon. Oregon was popular for roof framing because it was much lighter and easier to work than hardwood species. The various cuts required to form hips and valley framing in roofs was much more than required for floor framing, which also made this species more attractive to the framing carpenters.
Depending on the roof design, which was often driven by the shape or ""footprint"" of the floor plan, roof framing could be quite a complex craft. Fortunately for the Belmont carpenters, this roof was a reasonably simple design based on a rectangular floor plan."
"The roof would commonly be framed with either South Coast hardwood species or occasionally imported Douglas Fir commonly known as Oregon. Oregon was popular for roof framing because it was much lighter and easier to work than hardwood species. The various cuts required to form hips and valley framing in roofs was much more than required for floor framing, which also made this species more attractive to the framing carpenters.
Depending on the roof design, which was often driven by the shape or ""footprint"" of the floor plan, roof framing could be quite a complex craft. Fortunately for the Belmont carpenters, this roof was a reasonably simple design based on a rectangular floor plan."
"The roof would commonly be framed with either South Coast hardwood species or occasionally imported Douglas Fir commonly known as Oregon. Oregon was popular for roof framing because it was much lighter and easier to work than hardwood species. The various cuts required to form hips and valley framing in roofs was much more than required for floor framing, which also made this species more attractive to the framing carpenters.
Depending on the roof design, which was often driven by the shape or ""footprint"" of the floor plan, roof framing could be quite a complex craft. Fortunately for the Belmont carpenters, this roof was a reasonably simple design based on a rectangular floor plan."
Coral Trees found in the Illawarra are a species known as Erythrina x sykesii and are quite common. These hybrids have become naturalised in the coastal districts of New South Wales, where it is regarded as an environmental weed. These trees were originally planted as decorative features on properties, both on farms and sometimes in the gardens of suburban homes and parks, both as single specimen trees as well as being planted in avenues, as at the entry to Belmont.
They are a “straggly” tree in appearance (unlike, for example, the Moreton Bay Fig or various Pine species) but bloom between winter and early Spring, with long bright red flowers.
While Coral trees are fairly quick growing and can reach a height of 15 metres, large branches can often fall, especially in windy conditions on exposed sites. The timber is of relatively poor strength, it rots quickly and is not generally useful. For these reasons Kiama Council has begun removing Coral Trees from land adjacent to waterways, where the species is now considered a “pest”.
This species is often confused with the Illawarra Flame tree Brachychiton acerifolius, probably due to this species also having red flowers. These tree species are not related, but often confused, which may explain why Coral Trees have been used where they are unsuitable. There were two rows or avenues of decorative Coral Trees marking the entrance to the Belmont property. Their original purpose was to “announce” that this was the entry to the property, much as decorative stone pillars and ornate gates are used on more wealthy properties. This coral tree avenue was removed due to quarrying around 2007.
Dams for cattle are an important feature of all farms, and their location and construction require skill. Because there is a relatively shallow layer of soil and partly decomposed rock resting on a layer of harder rock, rainfall is not absorbed, but tends to run off. There is a dam located northeast of Belmont which has been formed on an Eastern slope and consists of an earth bank that has been made from local excavated material. Although the catchment area above the dam is relatively small, the dam holds a reliable supply of water for cattle, however in long dry seasons, it may dry up.
Dry stone walls are a prominent feature in the Shellharbour rural landscape. Originally laid by Thomas Newing and his son, as well as others, they are still in use today and with a new generation of stonelayers, repairs and occasionally new walls are being constructed.
As well as dividing farming properties into separate paddocks to allow for controlled grazing with regrowth of pasture the cultivation of other crops and clearing of paddocks. These stone walls are made from “field” stone, ie stone found in the farm’s fields that, if left in their original location, would interfere with ploughing.
Stone walls have been laid for thousands of years, both for farming as well as for marking property boundaries, as well as ritual and religious purposes in prehistoric times.
Stone walls can vary in appearance and laying techniques due to;
* the types of available stone
* the stonelayer’s traditional techniques, in which they were originally trained
* any individual “signature” or style of stonelaying the tradesperson might have developed.
Today, we can recognise the individual signatures of their work.
Stone wall building is labour intensive and slow, and the availability of readily available, durable Australian hardwood and, later, barbed wire, made fence building from these materials both quicker, cheaper and easier.
Assuming stone was always readily available, possibly all stone walling needed an available and willing tradesperson.
Unusually, apart from the many local examples in the Illawarra, there are relatively few other regions in Australia where extensive dry stone walling can be found, these include Lismore, some Western districts of Victoria and some locations in Tasmania. Locally, dry stone walls laid by the Newing can be found in Shellharbour, Dunmore, Woodstock, Jamberoo, Jerrara, Kiama, Gerringong, Foxground and Berry, according to Thomas Newing Junior.
Stones are laid “dry”, that is, without mortar, so that the laying technique needs to result in a wall that remains stable during the weather and also during human activities.
A basic technique includes;
* placing large stones at the base of the wall
* the wall width being half the wall height
* one stone resting on two stones.
however in the case of many of the stone walls found in the Shellharbour, Kiama and Jamberoo districts, we see a more developed technique, where the walls are made up of two parallel walls leaning towards each other, for stability and with a row of larger stones placed along the top, to securely fix the smaller stones in place and also possibly to reduce the amount of rainwater entering the wall’s structure and affecting the foundation material. This technique results in a stable wall. Many of these walls were laid on steeply sloping ground and because the stones are well interlocked together, the walls have proven to be durable.
These are the techniques developed and used by Thomas Newing (born circa 1827) and later his son (also Thomas), Thomas senior arrived in Australia from the County of Kent in 1856 on the Immigrant ship Anna Maria. By 1857 he had been engaged by a Mr W Cook of Kiama as a ploughman, and while also ploughing for Joseph Pike at Foxground, he started gathering stone into heaps, which he then successfully built into walls or fences.
Locally, walls are made of stones found on, or near the surface of the ground, which is, in this area, latite, an igneous rock that splits into irregular shapes and brings with it a unique challenge to lay successfully. Some of the stones in the Belmont walls are quite large and up to half a tonne in weight, so Newing probably used some simple moving and lifting devices that could be set up on site. He also used a horse drawn sledge to move larger stones.
Some sections of the wall on The Hill have been demolished over the years. Thomas Newing Senior is described as a “sturdy, simple religious man” by Edgar Beale in “Illawarra Sketchbook”, published in 1976, perhaps underestimating the qualities of perseverance, patience and most importantly, Newing’s intuitive understanding of what stone would fit where. This skill is what we would now refer to as 3D visualization.
Readers may also like to refer to the poem by Robert Frost, “Mending Wall”, where the poet talks about the annual ritual of meeting his neighbour and repairing the stone wall between their farms.
Thomas Newing Senior worked at his trade for 60 years, dying in 1927, leaving, with his son a unique and unsurpassed memorial, illustrating what Edgar Beale called “the calm timelessness of things.”
External wall linings are splayed weatherboards milled out of seasoned Baltic Pine, or possibly Cypress Pine. These lining boards were one of the economic choices for the period and were available in a range of widths. The weatherboard selected for use on the Belmont is of the most common width. Wider boards were seen as more desirable for stylistic reasons, and were correspondingly more expensive. They were less easily sawn out of a log and needed to be of better quality timber to prevent warping and twisting both before and after installation.
It is possible that the weatherboards were milled locally as they are quite common, with the logs delivered from Sydney. Baltic Pine would have been imported from Europe, while Cypress Pine, being grown in the Pilliga Scrub, with no direct rail or other transport link to the Illawarra, would also have been delivered either in log of finished form to a local processor.
It is just as likely the boards were milled in a specialist large volume processing plant located close to the delivery point for the timber. This may have been near Sydney Harbour for Baltic Pine or a rail yard for either Baltic Pine or Cypress Pine.
Both timbers are reasonably durable externally, especially Cypress Pine, due to a naturally occurring distinctive smelling resin whose presence reduces the chance of insect attack by termites and borers. Its relatively tight and smooth grain also resists weathering. Baltic Pine, in comparison is more susceptible to the effects of insect attack and weathering.
External wall linings are splayed weatherboards milled out of seasoned Baltic Pine, or possibly Cypress Pine. These lining boards were one of the economic choices for the period and were available in a range of widths. The weatherboard selected for use on the Belmont is of the most common width. Wider boards were seen as more desirable for stylistic reasons, and were correspondingly more expensive. They were less easily sawn out of a log and needed to be of better quality timber to prevent warping and twisting both before and after installation.
It is possible that the weatherboards were milled locally as they are quite common, with the logs delivered from Sydney. Baltic Pine would have been imported from Europe, while Cypress Pine, being grown in the Pilliga Scrub, with no direct rail or other transport link to the Illawarra, would also have been delivered either in log of finished form to a local processor.
It is just as likely the boards were milled in a specialist large volume processing plant located close to the delivery point for the timber. This may have been near Sydney Harbour for Baltic Pine or a rail yard for either Baltic Pine or Cypress Pine.
Both timbers are reasonably durable externally, especially Cypress Pine, due to a naturally occurring distinctive smelling resin whose presence reduces the chance of insect attack by termites and borers. Its relatively tight and smooth grain also resists weathering. Baltic Pine, in comparison is more susceptible to the effects of insect attack and weathering.
External wall linings are splayed weatherboards milled out of seasoned Baltic Pine, or possibly Cypress Pine. These lining boards were one of the economic choices for the period and were available in a range of widths. The weatherboard selected for use on the Belmont is of the most common width. Wider boards were seen as more desirable for stylistic reasons, and were correspondingly more expensive. They were less easily sawn out of a log and needed to be of better quality timber to prevent warping and twisting both before and after installation.
It is possible that the weatherboards were milled locally as they are quite common, with the logs delivered from Sydney. Baltic Pine would have been imported from Europe, while Cypress Pine, being grown in the Pilliga Scrub, with no direct rail or other transport link to the Illawarra, would also have been delivered either in log of finished form to a local processor.
It is just as likely the boards were milled in a specialist large volume processing plant located close to the delivery point for the timber. This may have been near Sydney Harbour for Baltic Pine or a rail yard for either Baltic Pine or Cypress Pine.
Both timbers are reasonably durable externally, especially Cypress Pine, due to a naturally occurring distinctive smelling resin whose presence reduces the chance of insect attack by termites and borers. Its relatively tight and smooth grain also resists weathering. Baltic Pine, in comparison is more susceptible to the effects of insect attack and weathering.
External wall linings are splayed weatherboards milled out of seasoned Baltic Pine, or possibly Cypress Pine. These lining boards were one of the economic choices for the period and were available in a range of widths. The weatherboard selected for use on the Belmont is of the most common width. Wider boards were seen as more desirable for stylistic reasons, and were correspondingly more expensive. They were less easily sawn out of a log and needed to be of better quality timber to prevent warping and twisting both before and after installation.
It is possible that the weatherboards were milled locally as they are quite common, with the logs delivered from Sydney. Baltic Pine would have been imported from Europe, while Cypress Pine, being grown in the Pilliga Scrub, with no direct rail or other transport link to the Illawarra, would also have been delivered either in log of finished form to a local processor.
It is just as likely the boards were milled in a specialist large volume processing plant located close to the delivery point for the timber. This may have been near Sydney Harbour for Baltic Pine or a rail yard for either Baltic Pine or Cypress Pine.
Both timbers are reasonably durable externally, especially Cypress Pine, due to a naturally occurring distinctive smelling resin whose presence reduces the chance of insect attack by termites and borers. Its relatively tight and smooth grain also resists weathering. Baltic Pine, in comparison is more susceptible to the effects of insect attack and weathering.
External wall linings are splayed weatherboards milled out of seasoned Baltic Pine, or possibly Cypress Pine. These lining boards were one of the economic choices for the period and were available in a range of widths. The weatherboard selected for use on the Belmont is of the most common width. Wider boards were seen as more desirable for stylistic reasons, and were correspondingly more expensive. They were less easily sawn out of a log and needed to be of better quality timber to prevent warping and twisting both before and after installation.
It is possible that the weatherboards were milled locally as they are quite common, with the logs delivered from Sydney. Baltic Pine would have been imported from Europe, while Cypress Pine, being grown in the Pilliga Scrub, with no direct rail or other transport link to the Illawarra, would also have been delivered either in log of finished form to a local processor.
It is just as likely the boards were milled in a specialist large volume processing plant located close to the delivery point for the timber. This may have been near Sydney Harbour for Baltic Pine or a rail yard for either Baltic Pine or Cypress Pine.
Both timbers are reasonably durable externally, especially Cypress Pine, due to a naturally occurring distinctive smelling resin whose presence reduces the chance of insect attack by termites and borers. Its relatively tight and smooth grain also resists weathering. Baltic Pine, in comparison is more susceptible to the effects of insect attack and weathering.
Near the South West corner of the Bellmont, there are two concrete rainwater tanks. These are not original and were precast on a mass production basis and delivered to farms by trucks with an integral lifting crane. This became common in the 1970’s, but there was a limit to the size for tank that could be transported without a special traffic application for tanks with a dimension greater than 2.5 metres. This may be the reason for two tanks at Belmont, not one larger tank.
Previously (and in the case of Belmont), rainwater tanks were made up from curved corrugated galvanised steel sheeting, that was rivetted together and all the joints soldered to make the tank waterproof. These tanks eventually needed replacement. Modern tanks, more durable tanks, are now made of “aquaplate” which is a corrugated sheeting developed for tank use, The sheeting is now sealed with silicone mastic.
Near the South West corner of the Bellmont, there are two concrete rainwater tanks. These are not original and were precast on a mass production basis and delivered to farms by trucks with an integral lifting crane. This became common in the 1970’s, but there was a limit to the size for tank that could be transported without a special traffic application for tanks with a dimension greater than 2.5 metres. This may be the reason for two tanks at Belmont, not one larger tank.
Previously (and in the case of Belmont), rainwater tanks were made up from curved corrugated galvanised steel sheeting, that was rivetted together and all the joints soldered to make the tank waterproof. These tanks eventually needed replacement. Modern tanks, more durable tanks, are now made of “aquaplate” which is a corrugated sheeting developed for tank use, The sheeting is now sealed with silicone mastic.
On the southern external wall, some original weatherboards have been replaced by non-matching boards. It is possible that the original boards deteriorated though rotting, as they are more exposed to wind and rain, and receive less sun to aid in drying off to prevent wood-rot.
On the southern external wall, some original weatherboards have been replaced by non-matching boards. It is possible that the original boards deteriorated though rotting, as they are more exposed to wind and rain, and receive less sun to aid in drying off to prevent wood-rot.
The Belmont is located on the crest of a hill with minimal topsoil. For this reason the footings for the house are based on solid rock, which has proven to be quite stable.
The Belmont is located on the crest of a hill with minimal topsoil. For this reason the footings for the house are based on solid rock, which has proven to be quite stable.
The dairy and associated yards, or “bails” were located southwest of the Belmont homestead.
The dairy associated with Belmont was in poor condition, being timber framed and clad with timber weatherboards. This form of construction indicates an earlier construction period than many other dairy’s, which are often build from brickwork on a concrete slab, using a “standard” “herringbone” plan which became popular in the 1950’s.
There was a slightly higher (for cooler interior temperatures) storage room at one end of the dairy where the milk was kept until pick up by the local cooperative horse and cart, originally, and later by truck.
The remainder of the building was a long low roofed structure with ample access for the cows to enter and be milked by hand. Hand milking was often done by women, as was butter making, and was a labour intensive process. Hand milking was successful only with small herds of cattle.
Although milking machines were trialled from 1850, the first successful milking machine, invented in Scotland and “improved” by a Mr A Gillies from Victoria in 1903.
Milking continued to be done by hand up until the 1930’s, and then successively by vacuum operated “milking machines” introduced in the 1950’s. These were gradually replaced by more modern technology, such as ‘rotolactor’ machines, however these advancements began to take effect when the dairy industry was becoming less economical and many small scale farmers began leaving the industry.
The bails were located near the dairy so the herd could be easily managed at milking time, twice a day. These bails seem to have been built more recently than the dairy and from steel fencing similar to highway guard rails, this is a sturdy and durable method that requires little maintenance.
The flatter skillion sections with a "bullnose" veranda roof has a very small radius, resulting in crimping of the roofing.
The flatter skillion sections with a "bullnose" veranda roof has a very small radius, resulting in crimping of the roofing.
The flatter skillion sections with a "bullnose" veranda roof has a very small radius, resulting in crimping of the roofing.
The footings of the Belmont consist of "fieldstone" ie rock that has been picked up from the surrounding paddocks. This was a common practice as the material was readily available and its relocation aided ploughing of the paddocks. The rock walls so common on this property and around Jamberoo are made of fieldstone.
The rocks have been laid often without mortar to form the base for the timber floor framing. The skill of the stonemason is evident in that much of this work is still in good condition. More recent repairs have been carried out by either re-mortaring the stonework or adding brickwork.
The garage is framed in steel posts, beams and purlins.
The roof would commonly be framed with either South Coast hardwood species or occasionally imported Douglas Fir commonly known as Oregon. Oregon was popular for roof framing because it was much lighter and easier to work than hardwood species. The various cuts required to form hips and valley framing in roofs was much more than required for floor framing, which also made this species more attractive to the framing carpenters.
Depending on the roof design, which was often driven by the shape or ""footprint"" of the floor plan, roof framing could be quite a complex craft. Fortunately for the Belmont carpenters, this roof was a reasonably simple design based on a rectangular floor plan.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
The “Moreton Bay Fig” (Ficus macrophylla) is found along Australia’s East coast from the Illawarra Shoalhaven to the rainforests of North Queensland. It is also known as the “Strangler Fig” because a young fig tree will often grow up a taller nearby tree to reach the sunlight both trees need, and eventually shadowing the host tree, which often dies.
The species is known for its extensive “buttress” style roots which grow partly above ground, as well as aerial roots which descend from the wide branches. As a result, these trees are quite stable, but the roots can affect the footings of nearby buildings. For this reason, they are now rarely found near farmhouses.
The Moreton Bay Fig can be found in a variety of different forest types, or even now in open pastures, as on The Hill. Once clearing of the Illawarra’s native forests commenced, taking out the more valuable species for sale and export, fig trees were often left to provide shade for the dairy and beef cattle that replaced the forests. Fig trees that grew originally in forest environments are taller and more slender than trees that grew later in open paddocks. This is because all trees need sunlight, which in a dense forest is only available from the sky directly above. Paddock grown trees have a much wider spread of limbs, because they do not have to compete with other trees for sunlight.
Moreton Bay figs can grow as high as 60 metres and be at least 60 metres in width. Some examples can be found as street trees in older suburbs, however the invasive root system and the abundant fruit rotting on the ground if not eaten, creating a health and maintenance problem. For these reasons, they are now less common in towns. The fruit is an important food source both for local bird species as well as fruit bats.
The timber from Moreton Bay Figs is little used, it is difficult to saw straight sections from the limbs and the timber itself is not strong or durable when used for building or other purposes.
The use of fig trees on dairy farms is common throughout the Illawarra and these trees are often located at a short distance from dairies, so that in summer, cattle can wait in the shade. When located on ridges or higher ground, they are significant visual and historical features of the man-made or “cultural” landscape.
One of the fig trees adjacent to the Belmont is now in very poor condition due to a lightning strike, however the species as a whole generally has a long life.
These are portable yards constructed of a standard system of both circular and square galvanised steel tubing. A cattle ramp is also included.
The yards purpose is to assist in holding and loading beef cattle on to trucks for meat production. Dairy cattle generally remain on the dairy farm and are not often transported.
These are portable yards constructed of a standard system of both circular and square galvanised steel tubing. A cattle ramp is also included.
The yards purpose is to assist in holding and loading beef cattle on to trucks for meat production. Dairy cattle generally remain on the dairy farm and are not often transported.
These are portable yards constructed of a standard system of both circular and square galvanised steel tubing. A cattle ramp is also included.
The yards purpose is to assist in holding and loading beef cattle on to trucks for meat production. Dairy cattle generally remain on the dairy farm and are not often transported.
This building is located west of the Belmont house. It consists of a northern section, which has a shallow pitched roof and is possibly the original part of this building, as well as a southern section with a skillion roof.
The shed is timber framed construction consisting of large diameter hardwood posts that have been brought to the site, as they are too large in diameter to have grown on site. They have been roughly shaped to a square profile and appear to have been “recycled” from a previous use, there are bolt holes evident that now serve no purpose.
The shed is located on a site that is exposed to strong Westerly winds and because there is only a shallow soil cover over the rock bed, it is likely that foundation holes were blasted into the rock using explosives, which was fairly common practice. The timber sections were placed in the deep excavated holes and then backfilled. This would have provided stability, especially in strong winds. While most of the posts have been proven to be durable, one of the eastern posts is now reduced in overall height, possibly due to the rotting of the base when rainwater filled the socket.
Between the posts, there are 100mm x 50 mm horizontal timber sections, called “purlins”, that support the corrugated galvanised steel wall cladding. The cladding has been ‘recycled, there are nail holes from previous fixing. The age of the sheets also varies, some are quite corroded, others less so.
The roof framing is made from 75mm x 50 mm hardwood which is undersized and has sagged at midspan. Recycled roofing has also been used and on the northern roof, has been poorly laid, with the overlapping sheets being open to the West, allowing driving rain to penetrate. This suggests that the farmer, not a roofer or builder, laid these sheets.
The shed was used to keep farm equipment out of the weather.
This building is located west of the Belmont house. It consists of a northern section, which has a shallow pitched roof and is possibly the original part of this building, as well as a southern section with a skillion roof.
The shed is timber framed construction consisting of large diameter hardwood posts that have been brought to the site, as they are too large in diameter to have grown on site. They have been roughly shaped to a square profile and appear to have been “recycled” from a previous use, there are bolt holes evident that now serve no purpose.
The shed is located on a site that is exposed to strong Westerly winds and because there is only a shallow soil cover over the rock bed, it is likely that foundation holes were blasted into the rock using explosives, which was fairly common practice. The timber sections were placed in the deep excavated holes and then backfilled. This would have provided stability, especially in strong winds. While most of the posts have been proven to be durable, one of the eastern posts is now reduced in overall height, possibly due to the rotting of the base when rainwater filled the socket.
Between the posts, there are 100mm x 50 mm horizontal timber sections, called “purlins”, that support the corrugated galvanised steel wall cladding. The cladding has been ‘recycled, there are nail holes from previous fixing. The age of the sheets also varies, some are quite corroded, others less so.
The roof framing is made from 75mm x 50 mm hardwood which is undersized and has sagged at midspan. Recycled roofing has also been used and on the northern roof, has been poorly laid, with the overlapping sheets being open to the West, allowing driving rain to penetrate. This suggests that the farmer, not a roofer or builder, laid these sheets.
The shed was used to keep farm equipment out of the weather.
This building is located west of the Belmont house. It consists of a northern section, which has a shallow pitched roof and is possibly the original part of this building, as well as a southern section with a skillion roof.
The shed is timber framed construction consisting of large diameter hardwood posts that have been brought to the site, as they are too large in diameter to have grown on site. They have been roughly shaped to a square profile and appear to have been “recycled” from a previous use, there are bolt holes evident that now serve no purpose.
The shed is located on a site that is exposed to strong Westerly winds and because there is only a shallow soil cover over the rock bed, it is likely that foundation holes were blasted into the rock using explosives, which was fairly common practice. The timber sections were placed in the deep excavated holes and then backfilled. This would have provided stability, especially in strong winds. While most of the posts have been proven to be durable, one of the eastern posts is now reduced in overall height, possibly due to the rotting of the base when rainwater filled the socket.
Between the posts, there are 100mm x 50 mm horizontal timber sections, called “purlins”, that support the corrugated galvanised steel wall cladding. The cladding has been ‘recycled, there are nail holes from previous fixing. The age of the sheets also varies, some are quite corroded, others less so.
The roof framing is made from 75mm x 50 mm hardwood which is undersized and has sagged at midspan. Recycled roofing has also been used and on the northern roof, has been poorly laid, with the overlapping sheets being open to the West, allowing driving rain to penetrate. This suggests that the farmer, not a roofer or builder, laid these sheets.
The shed was used to keep farm equipment out of the weather.
This is a "working area" where farm workers could take off dirty jackets and boots before either using the bathroom or entering the Kitchen for meals etc. The generous covered area, which is in steel construction (possibly recycled from another building) is sturdy enough to withstand westerly winds and provide some protection from driving rain.
We can see from the external views of Belmont, that there are two main roofs running east west, with a valley gutter in between. These roofs are slightly off set and the northern roof includes a 90-degree extension to the eastern end so as to meet the southern roof. The ridges of all three roofs ae continuous and from a ground-based viewpoint provide a simple roof form, while concealing the valley gutter.
We can see from the external views of Belmont, that there are two main roofs running east west, with a valley gutter in between. These roofs are slightly off set and the northern roof includes a 90-degree extension to the eastern end so as to meet the southern roof. The ridges of all three roofs ae continuous and from a ground-based viewpoint provide a simple roof form, while concealing the valley gutter.
We can see from the external views of Belmont, that there are two main roofs running east west, with a valley gutter in between. These roofs are slightly off set and the northern roof includes a 90-degree extension to the eastern end so as to meet the southern roof. The ridges of all three roofs ae continuous and from a ground-based viewpoint provide a simple roof form, while concealing the valley gutter.
We can see from the external views of Belmont, that there are two main roofs running east west, with a valley gutter in between. These roofs are slightly off set and the northern roof includes a 90-degree extension to the eastern end so as to meet the southern roof. The ridges of all three roofs are continuous and from a ground-based viewpoint provide a simple roof form, while concealing the valley gutter.
HOUSE DETAILS
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT, SED DIAM NONUMMY NIBH EUISMOD TINCIDUNT UT LAOREET DOLORE MAGNA ALIQUAM ERAT VOLUTPAT. UT WISI ENIM AD MINIM VENIAM.
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
TINCIDUNT ULTRICES
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT, SED DIAM NONUMMY NIBH EUISMOD TINCIDUNT UT LAOREET DOLORE MAGNA ALIQUAM ERAT VOLUTPAT. UT WISI ENIM AD MINIM VENIAM, QUIS NOSTRUD EXERCI TATION ULLAMCORPER SUSCIPIT LOBORTIS NISL UT ALIQUIP EX EA COMMODO CONSEQUAT.
10809 Haskell Ave, Mountain Hills, CA 91344
10809 Haskell Ave, Mountain Hills, CA 91344
HOUSE DETAILS
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT, SED DIAM NONUMMY NIBH EUISMOD TINCIDUNT UT LAOREET DOLORE MAGNA ALIQUAM ERAT VOLUTPAT. UT WISI ENIM AD MINIM VENIAM.
NAME & SURNAME
COMPANY NAME
NAME & SURNAME
COMPANY NAME
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras fringilla et leo sit amet aliquet. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. In blandit velit eget luctus varius. Vestibulum dapibus non ipsum ac pharetra. Sed sodales turpis vel nisi fermentum auctor. Phasellus ipsum lectus, finibus vel neque ut, pulvinar pretium elit. Pellentesque vestibulum libero at felis vestibulum bibendum.
Donec a neque et nibh vehicula vulputate eu eu ex. Mauris finibus blandit ipsum vel aliquet. Vestibulum non felis eu arcu lobortis ullamcorper ac ut augue. Proin dignissim ac libero ac venenatis. Suspendisse convallis lorem quis aliquet consectetur.
Nunc sit amet nunc dapibus, fringilla quam sit amet, dapibus urna. Etiam semper enim sed orci sollicitudin efficitur. Vestibulum ac egestas sem. Sed fringilla nulla ut nulla cursus volutpat. Nulla ornare ultrices mauris, nec ultrices erat condimentum non. Fusce accumsan ut ante nec vestibulum. Ut eget mattis nunc.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras fringilla et leo sit amet aliquet. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. In blandit velit eget luctus varius. Vestibulum dapibus non ipsum ac pharetra. Sed sodales turpis vel nisi fermentum auctor. Phasellus ipsum lectus, finibus vel neque ut, pulvinar pretium elit. Pellentesque vestibulum libero at felis vestibulum bibendum.
Donec a neque et nibh vehicula vulputate eu eu ex. Mauris finibus blandit ipsum vel aliquet. Vestibulum non felis eu arcu lobortis ullamcorper ac ut augue. Proin dignissim ac libero ac venenatis. Suspendisse convallis lorem quis aliquet consectetur.
Nunc sit amet nunc dapibus, fringilla quam sit amet, dapibus urna. Etiam semper enim sed orci sollicitudin efficitur. Vestibulum ac egestas sem. Sed fringilla nulla ut nulla cursus volutpat. Nulla ornare ultrices mauris, nec ultrices erat condimentum non. Fusce accumsan ut ante nec vestibulum. Ut eget mattis nunc.
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
VIVAMUS HENDRERIT LOREM
LOREM
IPSUM
DOLOR SIT
AMET
VIVAMUS HENDRERIT
LOREM
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
TINCIDUNT ULTRICES
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT, SED DIAM NONUMMY NIBH EUISMOD TINCIDUNT UT LAOREET DOLORE MAGNA ALIQUAM ERAT VOLUTPAT. UT WISI ENIM AD MINIM VENIAM, QUIS NOSTRUD EXERCI TATION ULLAMCORPER SUSCIPIT LOBORTIS NISL UT ALIQUIP EX EA COMMODO CONSEQUAT. DUIS AUTEM VEL EUM IRIURE DOLOR IN HENDRERIT IN VULPUTATE VELIT ESSE MOLESTIE CONSEQUAT, VEL ILLUM DOLORE EU FEUGIAT NULLA FACILISIS.